Crystals Lab

In my opinion, this is the funnest lab that we have done all year.  This lab was all about solutions and having the proper about of saturation into the solution. Basically it was a trial and error lab.  You had to find out that it was the best thing to just stuff as much of the Aluminum Potassium Sulfate in the water as it would hold.  This would produce crystals too fast, and would just glue them to the beaker and not be able to pull them out.  It was a patients lab, because the slower it produced crystals the more controlled it would grow them.  The first day we learned the hard way, and stuffed the powered into the water, until it could hold no more.  Like I said, this was the wrong thing to do.  When we got back the next day, the crystals were uncontrolled and just glued all over the beaker.  There was nothing that we could do but learn from our mistake and start over.  This time we used much less powder and didn't saturate the water the that extent.  The following day, we found out that our attempt was a success.  We had produced a very large crystal, that was very colorful and neat.  This experiment was like every other one in some ways.  It sometimes takes a screw up to realize that the direction you went was totally wrong, and that you need to just do it over.

PH lab

This is another lab used to measure solutions.  This lab is to show you how mixing two solutions together will eventually level the PH out.  We started with a acid, and then mixed in sodium hydroxide for a base.  What you had to find out is how much base it took to make the acid a neutral.  The graph demonstrates how the PH reacted as we added a base to the acid.  The way it worked, is we had a beaker with 10 ml of acid.  Then we put a magnetic strip in the bottom to stir on the stir plate.  Above the beaker, there was a test tube with the sodium base in it.  At the bottom of the graph it shows how much of the base is into the solution in the beaker and the side shows what the PH level was at that point.  The point of this lab is to show you that all acids are capable of being diluted to be a base.

Beer's Law Lab

The graph above demonstrates the  numbers that we found through the lab.  The line shows how saturated the liquid was.  The more light that is absorbed shows that the liquid is more saturated.  If you look up to the graph the dot that is labeled .218 is a solution we mixed up.  With this solution we had to find out how saturated the water was with the nickel solution.  Using the color remitter we found out how much light was absorbed and what the concentration was.  Then using a line of best fit to the other solutions that we knew what the concentration was we place the dot on the graph.  This lab has helped me to understand how to tell and what the difference of a saturated solution is.

ChemTech Project

This link goes to a blog, that shows all about cattle embryo transfers.  Hope you enjoy. http://www.glogster.com/robersonr/embryo-transplant/g-6ks974js2a3r39bd25rkva0

Below is my bibliography from my research

Selk, Glenn. "Embryo Transfer In Cattle." Oklahoma State University. N.p., 2013. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. <http://www.humble.k12.tx.us/cms/lib2/TX01001414/Centricity/Domain/3026/Embryo%20Transfer-cattle.pdf>.

Kunkel, Dr. J.R. "Embryo Transfer In Cattle." Dairy Integrated Reproductive Management. N.p., 2012. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. <http://www.wvu.edu/~agexten/forglvst/Dairy/dirm26.pdf>.

Mapletoft, R.J. "Embryo Transfer in the Cow: General Procedures." Unknown, 2011. Web. 04 Apr. 2013. <http://www.oie.int/doc/ged/d8859.pdf>.

Intermolecular Forces Lab

In the graph above it show the change in temperature, as evaporation happened.  This lab was done by putting different chemicals into test tubes and sticking a temperature gauge with a filter paper on it, into the solution.  After the temperature is a constant, you start graphing the temperature and remove it from the chemical.  As the chemical evaporates, the temperature drops back to room temperature.  Which in the graph above it shows high much change there was from the solution to the evaporated paper.

Gas Law Labs

In this section of the lab we were testing how the volume of the test tube changes as the temperature does.  To do this, we got a test tube and clogged the end at the middle position on the test tube.  This was the spot that it sat on at room temperature.  Then we stuck it into cold and hot temperatures and measured the position of the volume on the test tube.  As you can see the temperature and volume correspond and go up and down in since with each other.  As the temperature raises so does the volume of the test tube.  As you can see it was almost a perfect line on how much the volume increases with the temperature increase.





In this section of the lab we were testing the pressure change in the test tube when we changed the temperature.  To do this, we got a test tube, and hooked it up to the computer that reads pressure. Then we also stuck a thermometer into the different temperatures to read them.  As you see in the graph as the temperature increased so did the pressure, because of the molecules bouncing faster.  Then when we cooled it down the molecules slowed down causing the pressure to slow down.





This is the last section of the lab, and probably the most common sense.  In this portion what we did was clog the end of the test tube and move the the volume to different portions.  As you see in the graph, as the volume gets smaller the pressure gets greater.  Which makes perfect sense because you have the same number of particles in a tighter space.  This was a great lab and showed many results.  It was a successful lab, because it proved all the laws correct.  Meaning that we had good data and did the  sections correctly.

aluminum and copper (II) chloride lab

Materials- Copper (II) chloride, aluminum foil, beaker, water, scale, and test tube.

Procedure-  In this lab, it is all about measurement, and figuring out which ratio is correct.  The first thing we did was what any good chemistry student would do.  We went with trial and error.  Any amount that looked good to us we went with and figured even if it wasn't right we would still get to see a reaction.  After several attempts I decided that it was time to get a better calculation to start getting the max reaction.  So I went to the periodic table, and added the mass off Cu, Cl, and Al.  After I had the total (125.981) I divided Al by the total.  This shows that just over 20 percent of the mass is Aluminum.  So now we had some kind of measurement to go off of.  With a 4 CuCl to 1 Al ratio we went to work. First you have to weigh each substance and get 4 grams and 1 gram.  Then you put the CuCL in the test tube and mix it with water.  When it looks as if all of it has dissolved into the water you throw in the Aluminum.  The aluminum then reacts to the mixture, and starts fizzing and bubbling.  The reaction was much greater this time, after we had the weights to go off of.  The substance was poring out of the test tube, and we almost got the Aluminum to come out of the test tube.

Conclusion-  In conclusion this was a very fun and exiting lab.  I learned a lot from this lab, like how to save your substances from just being pored to find the right amount.  It always saves time and chemicals to find out how much of each to use.  Not to mention that it also causes a much bigger reaction.  So all in all this was a great lab, I learned a lot and we got to cause major reactions.