Magnesium Lab

     This is a lab we did on the reactions of Magnesium.  Magnesium reacts with oxygen whenever you get it hot.  The heat causes the magnesium to spark and flame up.  Although ours didn't flame, it through out sparks and made some popping noises.  While we were cleaning up we got to see another groups magnesium flame and make a lot more reactions that ours did.  In this lab we started with a strip of magnesium, a crushable, a Bunsen burner, and a stand.  We weighed the crushable and the magnesium, to start the lab.  Then we got the Bunsen burner fired up with the magnesium in the crushable 7 inches from the flame.  It took a few minutes for anything to happen, but then it started to react and spark.  After the magnesium finished reacting we turned of the burner and let everything cool down. After it was cool we weight the crushable with the magnesium in it, and found it now had a heavier weight.  Here are the exact figures on the weights, and then the questions and answers of the book questions.

Materials                                                   Mass (g)
Crucible and Magnesium                           13.1g
ribbon before heating                                             
Magnesium ribbon                                         .4g   
Empty crucible                                           12.7g  
Crucible and Magnesium                           13.3g
products after heating                                            
Magnesium products                                      .6g  

Questions:

1. What kind of energy was released by the reaction? What can you conclude about the product of this reaction.
Electromagnetic radiation.  The oxygen combinded with the magnesiuum.

2. How do you know that the magnesium metal reacts with certain components of the air?
You can see that the magnesium reacts with certain elements in the air as soon as you get it into gas form.  It has missing electrons on its outer ring that oxygen reacts and combindes to fill in the empty spots.

3. The product formed from magnesium and oxygen is white, and the product formed from magnesium and nitrogen is yellow. From your observations, which compound makes up most of the product?
The oxygen, because it was a bright white color.

4. Did the magnesium compounds and water conduct an electric current? Do the results indicate whether or not the compounds are ionic?
The magnesium compounds did conduct electricity, and the results indicate that it is an ionic bond.

5. If the magnesium lost mass instead of gaining mass, what do you think was a possible source of the error?
A possible sorce of error would be to have either weighed wrong in the begining or to spill some of the magnesium before it is weighed.

Reactivity Lab

Quiz on Names and Formulas

chemical names and formulas

chemical reactions

Periodic Table

    The periodic table is a table of chemical elements that are arranged in a way of atomic number.  The atomic number of an element is the amount of protons it has.  Protons are a positively charged particle, in the nucleus of an atom.  Depending upon how many protons an element has determines where in the table it is placed.  There are many groups in the periodic table.  The different groups are, metalloids, non metals, alkali metals, alkali earth metals, lanthanoids, actinides, transition metals, and post transition metals.  The different groups are all together, because there put together very similar to each other. 

  On the table above it shows where the different groups sit in the table, and the atomic numbers.  The atomic numbers are the ones that are just below the symbols in the little boxes.  This is a good example because is highlights all the groups and shows how they group together due to their similar traits.  The periodic table is very interesting and very easy to understand once you get used to it. Now I will go through each group and tell you some of the traits, or characteristics of the group.

Alkali Metals-  Alkali metals have the closest similarities throughout the group then any other group.  One example of this is all the metals are soft and have a silvery color.  Alkali metals are also very reactive, so reactive that you will not find them free in nature.

Alkali Earth Metals- These metals are also reactive.  Not as reactive as alkali metals, but they are still very reactive.  They have a +2 charge, which means they loose two electrons and can form very strong bonds with other elements.  They are usually a shiny color, and are soft with a high melting point.  The Alkali Earth Metals burn in very bright colors and are usually used in fireworks.

Transition Metals-  These metals are very hard and have a high melting and boiling point.  Unlike most metals transition metals have their valence electrons in more than one shell.  The valence electrons are what are used to combined with other elements.  The transition metal family are the only known elements to create a magnetic field.

Post Transition Metals- These are a softer metal that has a lower boiling and melting point than transition metals, but they have a higher electronegativity.

Metalloids- Metalloids have properties of both metals and non metals.  They have a shiny luster, some degree of mailability and have an ability to conduct electricity. 

Lanthanide- All members of the series have similar chemical properties. In nature, they are found together in the same minerals and it is difficult to separate them into individual elements.

Actinide- These elements all have a high oxidation numbers and are all radioactive.

Covalent and Ionic Bonding

This is a worksheet on types of bonding.  An ionic bond is when a metal and a nonmetal bond, and a covalent is when two nonmetals bond.

Conductivity Lab

    In this lab we were measuring the conductivity of solutions, that we created.  To do this we had to use water that had been filtered until it had no charge that would run through it.  Then we would mix a certain substance into the water and use the LED tester to see how high of a charge it created.  The reason that most of the solutions had a pretty high conductivity, is that I tried to pick out the most reactive solutions. The graph above shows the different types of solutions that we used and how much conductivity it showed.

Atomic Spection

The image above is a scanned paper, that I had drawn.  It is a model showing the certain spectrum colors you can see when looking through the colors labeled at the top of the picture.  

This is a model showing you the nanometer ratings for all of the different colors.  In this model it points out how the purple has a shorter frequency than the red.  Meaning the wavelengths are closer to gather and happening faster that the red light.  This is a hard concept to grasp, but one way you can think of it is like a sound wave.  The higher pitch notes are like the purple colors, they are traveling faster and have a shorter frequency.  Then the really low notes are like the red color, drawn out and longer frequency.  Light is definitely a lot more complicated the more you dig into it, but this is a brief explanation of how it all works.

Atomic Structure

Atomic structure is all about the periodic table.  It is about atoms, and how everything is made up of atoms.  Atomic Structure is very easy to get it has an atomic number and a mass number for every atom.        The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons it has, and the atomic mass is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.  All atoms remain with out a charge, because they have an equal amount of protons and neutrons.

This is an element as you would see it in the periodic table.  At the top the 27 is the atomic number, meaning there i 27 protons and 27 electrons.  Then the Co is the symbol and it stands for Cobalt. The last number is the 58 and that means that cobalt has 31 neutrons.

This is a chart to show the positions of all the particles in an atom.  As you see the neutrons and protons are located in the nucleus.  Then the electrons are on the outer ring of the atom.

properties matter blog

Chemistry- is the study of properties, and the behavior of matter.

This is the branch of science that deals with all the changes matter and properties undergo.

Matter-  All the actual stuff in the universe.

The only thing that isn't matter, is energy.

The basic forms of matter are liquid, gas and solids.

Molecule- is a substance that has two or more atoms with a definite agreement held together by chemical bonds.

Diatomic Molecule- Contains only two atoms.

Polyatomic Molecule- contains more than two atoms.

Mixture- A mixture consists of two or more different substances chemically combined.

the are two types of mixtures

heterogeneous- means different you can see all the different types of substances.

homogeneous- means the same, you can see all the parts of the mixture.

Solution- is a special type of mixture

It is a homogeneous mixture that contains a solute and a solvent.

solute- the solid part that gets dissolved

solvent- the liquid part that dose the dissolving

Matter- is all the substances that have mass and volume.
Chemical Change- is any change that results in a formation of a new chemical substance, chemical change happens on the molecular level.  It involves in the making or breaking of bonds. examples: iron rusting, mild souring, gasoline burning, or bread rising.
Physical Change- Physical change requires energy to be transferred. It requires rearrangement of molecules but doesn't affect their internal structure.  examples: boiling water, dissolving salt into water, or cutting up a potato.  

Here is a youtube video on the difference between chemical and physical change. It helps to further show the differences between the two.

Separations labs

This is a prezi that we used to show off our skills we learned.